...on a defined or irregular border and may be raised or flat around the existing border. Additional adjectives used in their description include superficial or deep (3 mm or more)....

...immediately prior to placement. Once mixed, the setting time is approximately 60 seconds. Traditionally, sealants were considered unfilled resins, compared to the resin-based composites used for restorations. Some of the...

...anesthesia in order to comfortably undergo ultrasonic instrumentation. Subgingival instrumentation with the dental endoscope almost always requires pain management. After a closed instrumentation procedure is completed, an explorer…

...children. CommunityDent Oral Epidemiol. 2002;30:143–150. Milgrom P, Riedy CA, Weinstein P, Tanner AC, ManibusanL, Bruss J. Dental caries and its relationship to bacterialinfection, hypoplasia, diet,and oral hygiene in 6- to...

...in tissues and is one of the most common causes of diabetic complications.5 The presence of bacteria in the periodontal pocket triggers the innate immune system to send neutrophils in...

...COMBINED Abrasion can be accelerated by erosion, as the combined effect of abrasion and erosion is greater than either process on its own.23–25 In one study that compared abrasion and...

...nonsurgical or surgical therapeutic program is a continued monitoring of patient status and self-care compliance.11 This is commonly accomplished by determining a recare frequency that best suits the patient and...

In caries management, both the disease process and the demineralized lesion need to be addressed in order to maintain oral health. In the initial stages of demineralization where calcium and...

...placing lateral pressure on the lower one-third of the cutting blade (Figure 1).1,2 In order to effectively use channeling strokes, clinicians must mentally picture the environment, which requires intense concentration....