Quiz

Demineralization occurs when mineral ions are compromised and removed from dental enamel. The process progresses due to low pH in the saliva and when the oral environment is deprived of minerals in relation to the tooth’s overall mineral…

Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare genetic metabolic disorder characterized by a spectrum of defects caused by mutations of the alkaline phosphatase gene that causes the premature loss of dentition. In the absence of trauma, primary tooth…

Immunotherapy is commonly used to treat various cancers, as well as other conditions, such as autoimmune diseases. While immunotherapy is often considered a nontoxic or less toxic alternative to standard treatments, such as chemotherapy, it…

The United States Surgeon General refers to tobacco use as a pediatric disease because 90% of adult tobacco users start the habit before they turn 18. This is a concern because the current prevalence of tobacco use among young people…

New oral anticoagulants can be administered in fixed doses without coagulation monitoring, streamlining care for many patients. Their popularity has grown over the past 5 years, highlighting the need for clarity on patient management and…

Replacing missing teeth with dental implants has become more common than ever before in adults. However, the presence of diabetes can impact outcomes.

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a complex multisystem disorder of idiopathic origin characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain and tenderness. It is the most common cause of chronic whole-body pain in the United States and affects 3% to 6% of…

About half of the individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) in the United States are children and adolescents younger than 18. Historically, dental caries may not have been a high priority health problem among those with CF because of shortened…

Nutrients contained within foods are essential for growth, maintaining tissue health, repairing injured tissue, and providing energy for daily activities. Oral health professionals need to be prepared to identify dietary contributors to…

Almost 70 million Americans experience gastrointestinal conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), each year. As such, oral health professionals should be familiar with the oral manifestations of these disorders—as well as side…