The body requires care and main­tenance to effectively function. Although every body features the same anatomy, an individual’s degree of physical fitness, response to muscular movements, and ability to recover from physical strain and…

With the completion of the human genome project in 2003 and the decreased cost of DNA sequencing, DNA testing is becoming available and affordable to everyone. More than 1,800 genes associated with disease have been discovered.

The mechanical removal of deposits—from plaque biofilm to calculus —is key to effectively caring for patients with different oral health statuses, including those with a healthy periodontium, gingival inflammation, or impaired junctional…

Demineralization occurs when mineral ions are compromised and removed from dental enamel. The process progresses due to low pH in the saliva and when the oral environment is deprived of minerals in relation to the tooth’s overall mineral…

Choosing the right sealant material depends on a variety of factors, including patient needs. Dental sealants were developed in the 1960s by Michael Buonocore, DDS, and dental scientists at the Eastman Dental Center in Rochester, New York.

Human trafficking is a rampant global health problem affecting a growing number of children and adults.

Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare genetic metabolic disorder characterized by a spectrum of defects caused by mutations of the alkaline phosphatase gene that causes the premature loss of dentition. In the absence of trauma, primary tooth…

Dental hygienists are susceptible to musculoskeletal pain, especially in the neck, shoulder, and hand/wrist regions. It is believed that awkward, prolonged working posture—such as bending, reaching, and standing—contribute to these…

Ethical dilemmas arise when one or more ethical principles or core values are in conflict.

Immunotherapy is commonly used to treat various cancers, as well as other conditions, such as autoimmune diseases. While immunotherapy is often considered a nontoxic or less toxic alternative to standard treatments, such as chemotherapy, it…