Your Risk of Osteoarthritis

Are dental hygienists at increased risk for osteoarthritis? What’s the best way to treat it and keep practicing?

Dental hygienists definitely experience work-related risk factors for developing musculoskeletal disorders.^1,2 Osteoarthritis is a musculoskeletal condition that affects cartilage in the joints, causing pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. Personal risk factors for osteoarthritis include age, sex, weight, and genetics. Research has also shown a correlation between obesity and the development of knee and hip osteoarthritis.³ Additionally, studies indicate that women, particularly those who have gone through menopause, are more likely to develop osteoarthritis in the knees, hips, and hands.

The prevalence of osteoarthritis in the United States has increased, likely linked to rising obesity rates and an aging population.³ Joint-related factors, such as occupations that involve repetitive motions like pinch or hand grasps, also contribute to the development of osteoarthritis. Dental hygienists are particularly at risk of finger osteoarthritis due to factors such as awkward posture, repetitive motions, prolonged pinch grasp, and the use of increased force during manual debridement.⁴

Effectively managing osteoarthritis requires a comprehensive, multipronged approach that not only focuses on alleviating pain but also aims to preserve joint mobility and enable individuals to carry out the physical demands of daily activities, such as performing dental hygiene procedures. A healthcare professional should be consulted for an accurate diagnosis and to develop a personalized treatment plan. This plan may include a combination of medical interventions, lifestyle adjustments (diet, weight loss, exercise) and occupational therapy, all designed to improve functional capacity while reducing discomfort.^5-7

For dental hygienists, modifying work practices is essential in minimizing strain on the joints. Recommended adjustments include using instruments with larger, ergonomic handles to reduce the need for excessive gripping, ensuring that instruments are kept sharp to minimize the force required during use, and incorporating mechanical scalers that require less physical effort. Additionally, maintaining a neutral posture while working is vital in preventing exacerbation of symptoms.

To further support joint health, incorporating chairside exercises throughout the workday can be beneficial. These exercises help to relieve tension and improve flexibility. For instance, gently performing finger stretches between instrument selections during manual debridement and making an “O sign” with fingers throughout the day can help reduce stiffness and enhance dexterity. By implementing these strategies, oral health professionals with osteoarthritis can continue to provide quality care while managing their condition effectively. Consulting with specialists can ensure that strategies are put in place to both manage symptoms and improve quality of life over time.

References

1. Antoniadou M. Leadership and managerial skills in dentistry: characteristics and challenges based on a preliminary case study. Dent J (Basel). 2022;10:146.
2. Gray J. Leadership-focused coaching: an uplifting approach for supporting aspiring leaders. Available at ncpeapublications.org/attachments/article/749/Leadership-Focused%20Coaching-%20%20A%20Research-Based%20Approach%20for%20Supporting%20Aspiring%20Leaders%20.pdf. Accessed August 5, 2025.
3. Lietz J, Kozak A, Nienhaus A. Prevalence and occupational risk factors of musculoskeletal diseases and pain among dental professionals in western countries: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. PloS One. 2018;13:e0208628.
4. Harris ML, Sentner SM, Doucette HJ, Smith Brilliant MG. Musculoskeletal disorders among dental hygienists in Canada. Can J Dent Hyg. 2020;54:61–67.
5. Plotnikoff R, Karunamuni N, Lytvyak E, et al. Osteoarthritis prevalence and modifiable factors: a population study. BMC Public Health. 2015;15:1195.
6. Hammer PEC, Shiri RS, Kryger AI, Kirkesov L, Bonde JP. Associations of work activities requiring pinch or hand grip or exposure to hand-arm vibration with finger and wrist osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2014;40:133-145.
7. Roll SC, Hardison ME. Effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions for adults with musculoskeletal conditions of the forearm, wrist, and hand: a systematic review. Am J Occup Ther. 2017;71:7101180010p1-7101180010p12.

From Dimensions of Dental Hygiene. November/December 2025; 23(6):46.