CDC Releases Update on HPV-Related Cancers

The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has issued a new report on the incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancers in the United States. The report, “Human Papillomavirus-Associated Cancers—United States 2004-2008,” was published in the April 20 edition of Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Through the analysis of data on cancers diagnosed between 2004 and 2008 in all 50 states and the District of Columbia, it was determined that 33,370 HPV-associated cancers were diagnosed annually during this period, with 21,290 found in women and 12,080 found in men. Cervical cancer was the most prevalent, with an average of 11,967 cases annually and oropharyngeal cancer was the second most common, with an average of 11,726 cases annually. Approximately 63% of the cases of oropharyngeal cancer were attributed to HPV infection. Oropharyngeal cancer was four times more common in men than women. The rates of oropharyngeal cancer were also highest among whites and blacks than other races.

According to the CDC, HPV is the causative factor in nearly all cervical cancers and in many vulvar, vaginal, penile, anal, and oropharyngeal cancers. While many HPV infections resolve within 1 year to 2 years after infection, those that persist can cause precancer or cancer. Two HPV vaccinations are available that protect against the most common cancer-causing strains.

In order to catch oropharyngeal cancers early when they are most treatable, dental professionals must be vigilant in performing oral cancer evaluations at every office visit. Precancerous lesions of the oropharynx include leukoplakia, erythroplakia, and mixed erythroleukoplakia that are found on the base of the tongue, tonsillar region, soft palate, and pharyngeal walls. Because oropharyngeal cancers are often found when the cancer has progressed to later stages, the prognosis is typically grim, with fewer than 50% of patients surviving 5 years post-diagnosis.