Demineralization occurs when mineral ions are compromised and removed from dental enamel. The process progresses due to low pH in the saliva and when the oral environment is deprived of minerals in relation to the tooth’s overall mineral…

Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare genetic metabolic disorder characterized by a spectrum of defects caused by mutations of the alkaline phosphatase gene that causes the premature loss of dentition. In the absence of trauma, primary tooth…

Immunotherapy is commonly used to treat various cancers, as well as other conditions, such as autoimmune diseases. While immunotherapy is often considered a nontoxic or less toxic alternative to standard treatments, such as chemotherapy, it…

Because ionizing radiation can cause biological health risks, oral health professionals must be knowledgeable about radiation safety standards. While the discussion regarding radiation exposure risk is often focused on the medical field,…

The United States Surgeon General refers to tobacco use as a pediatric disease because 90% of adult tobacco users start the habit before they turn 18. This is a concern because the current prevalence of tobacco use among young people…

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“Implant Care in Patients With Diabetes” by Bethany Palesh, RDH, MS; Suncica Travan, DDS, MS; and Danielle Furgeson, RDH, MS, DHSc

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a complex multisystem disorder of idiopathic origin characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain and tenderness. It is the most common cause of chronic whole-body pain in the United States and affects 3% to 6% of…

About half of the individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) in the United States are children and adolescents younger than 18. Historically, dental caries may not have been a high priority health problem among those with CF because of shortened…

Nutrients contained within foods are essential for growth, maintaining tissue health, repairing injured tissue, and providing energy for daily activities. Oral health professionals need to be prepared to identify dietary contributors to…