Replacement for Oral Mucosa Takes Shape in Laboratory

Replacement for Oral Mucosa Takes Shape in Laboratory

Dental and tissue engineering researchers at Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Medford, Mass, and the Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences at Tufts have harnessed the ability of human embryonic stem cells (hESC) to generate complex, multilayer tissues that mimic human skin and the oral mucosa. The proof-of-concept study is published online in advance of print in Tissue Engineering Part A.

“For the first time, we have established that a single source of hESC can provide the multiple cell types needed to interact within a three-dimensional tissue model to differentiate and thereby generate complex, multilayer tissues. We are a step closer to a practical therapy to help with diseases of the skin and mouth,” says Jonathan Garlick, DDS, PhD, professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology at Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, and a member of the Cell, Molecular, and Developmental biology program faculty at the Sackler School of Biomedical Sciences at Tufts.

“Researchers have been seeking methods to grow skin-like tissues outside of the body using new sources of stem cells such as hESC, with the goal of advancing regenerative medicine as a new therapy to replace or repair damaged or diseased tissue.

“Little is known about how hESC can be developed into the multilayer tissues similar to those that line the gums, cheeks, lips, and other areas in the mouth. We used in vitro tissue engineering techniques to produce skin-like tissues that mimic the lining tissues found in the oral cavity,” Garlick says.

Manufacturing New Tissues

Using a combination of chemical nutrients and specialized surfaces for cell attachment, an hES cell line (H9) was directed to form two distinct specialized cell populations. The first population forms the surface layer (ectodermal, the precursor to epithelial tissue), while the second is found beneath the surface layer (mesenchymal).

Following the isolation and characterization of these cell populations, the researchers incorporated them into an engineered, three-dimensional tissue system where they were grown at an air-liquid interface to mimic their growth environment in the oral cavity.
Within 2, tissues developed that were similar in structure to those constructed using mature cells derived from newborn skin.

“These engineered tissues are remarkably similar to their human counterparts and can be used to address major concerns facing the field of stem cell biology that are related to their clinical use,” Garlick says. “We can now use these engineered tissues as ‘tissue surrogates’ to begin to predict how stable and safe hESC-derived cells will be after therapeutic transplantation.

“Our goal is to produce functional tissues to treat oral and skin conditions, like the early stages of cancer and inflammatory disease, as well as to accelerate the healing of recalcitrant wounds,” Garlick adds.

First author Kyle Hewitt is a graduate student in Cell, Molecular, and Developmental Biology Program at the Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Science at Tufts, and a member of Garlick’s lab.
This study was supported by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research at the National Institutes of Health.

Garlick is also director of the Center for Integrated Tissue Engineering (CITE) at Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, dedicated to furthering the understanding of regenerative medicine through the investigation of three-dimensional tissue models.

Source:  Tufts University