A close-up look at primary endodontic lesions and primary endodontic lesions with secondary periodontal involvement.

While endodontic pathology may cause periodontal problems, it remains unclear whether the situation reverses.

Ascertaining the exact etiology of endodontic-periodontal lesions is no easy feat.

Broadening our understanding of periodontal pathogens may open the door to better treatment strategies.

These virulence factors help Porphyromonas gingivalis on its destructive mission.

These cysteine proteinases help the periodontal bacteria enter subepithelial tissue.

Porphyromonas gingivalis gains strength from storing portions of the energy-consuming systems discarded by other microbes.

Porphyromonas gingivalis is able to use various deliberate mechanisms to resist, weaken, or manipulate host immune responses.

This highly destructive oral pathogen leads to severe periodontitis.

Individualizing care to meet each patient’s needs is the key to successful outcomes.